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Undated:
Kurds are an
Iranian[24]
ethnic
group of the
Middle
East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area known as
Kurdistan.
Geographically, those four adjacent and often-mountainous areas include
southeastern
Turkey, northwestern
Iran, northern
Iraq, and northern
Syria.[25]
There are also
exclaves of Kurds in
central Anatolia and
Khorasan. Additionally, there are significant Kurdish diaspora communities
in the cities of western Turkey, in particular
Istanbul,
while a
Kurdish diaspora has developed in
Western Europe, primarily
in Germany. Numerically, the Kurds are estimated to number anywhere from a
low of 30 million, to possibly as high as 45 million.[26][2]
Kurds speak the
Kurdish language, with several varied dialects such as
Kurmanji,
Sorani, and
Zazaki; they are culturally and linguistically classified as belonging to
the
Iranian peoples.[27][28]
Religiously, although the majority of Kurds belong to the
Shafi‘i
school of
Sunni
Islam, there also are prominent numbers of Kurds who practice
Shia Islam
and Alevism.
Minority of the Kurdish people are adherents to
Yarsanism
(Ahl-i Haqq),
Yazidism,
Zoroastrianism and
Christianity.
Historically, after
World War One and the defeat of the
Ottoman Empire, the victorious
Western allies made provision for a Kurdish state in the 1920
Treaty of Sevres. However, that promise was nullified three years later,
when the
Treaty of Lausanne set the boundaries of modern Turkey and made no provision
for a Kurdish state, leaving Kurds with minority status in their respective
countries.[29]
This fact has led to numerous
genocides and
rebellions, along with the current ongoing armed
guerrilla conflicts in
Turkey,
Iran, and
Syria / Rojava. Although Kurds are the majority population in the
autonomous region of
Iraqi Kurdistan, because of their
statelessness,
Kurdish nationalist movements continue to pursue greater
cultural rights,
autonomy, and
independence throughout Greater Kurdistan.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds
-- 2015 --
January 20:
Meet the Americans on
the Front Lines in the Fight Against ISIS
When the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) surrounded the
Yezidi tribes on Sinjar Mountain in August last year, Dean Parker was at his
job as a commercial painter in the U.S.. That evening, he saw news reports of
Kurdish fighters trying to liberate the mountain.
“I made the decision right there,” says Parker, now sitting in his hotel room in
the northern Iraqi city of Sulaymaniyah. “I was online booking a ticket.”
He packed body armour, boots, clothes and downloaded a copy of Sun Tzu’s The
Art of War on his e-reader. He left the U.S. without telling his family. A
month later the 49-year-old grandfather and surfer had traded his paintbrush and
board for a rifle and was inside Syria.
http://time.com/3674281/isis-us-kurds-iraq/
-- 2017 --
Undated 2017: Trump,
Turkey, and the Kurds ... Donald J. Trump's unexpected presidential victory in
November 2016 has thrown a curveball into Turkey's difficult relations with the
Kurds. What will be the Trump administration's policies toward Turkey and the
Kurds? Will the new president continue to support the majority of Kurds in Syria
battling ISIS or emphasize a renewal of the NATO alliance with Turkey? Trump's
earlier statements that NATO allies should carry more of the organization's
financial burdens potentially call into question NATO's future, especially given
Trump's avowed admiration for Russian President Vladimir Putin. How will the new
administration's stated intention to emphasize business affairs affect its
relations with Turkey and the Kurds? Will the Trump administration support
putative independence for the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)?
https://www.mepc.org/journal/trump-turkey-and-kurds
May 9: President
Donald Trump on Monday authorized the Pentagon to arm Kurdish militias in Syria
in the drive to wrest control of Raqqa from the Islamic State, the Pentagon
confirmed in statement.
https://www.politico.com/story/2017/05/09/donald-trump-arms-syrian-kurds-raqqa-238167
October 29:
President Trump Sits on the Sidelines as Iraq Rolls Over the Kurds
http://time.com/4989040/trump-sidelines-iraq-rolls-over-kurds/
-- 2018 --
July 13: Will Trump
implement his own policy toward Kurds?
http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/analysis/a7396ccc-e0f5-4299-9971-a253094fc194
September 27:
President Trump refers to Kurdish reporter as 'Mr. Kurd' at UN press conference
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/09/27/trump-mr-kurd/1440512002/
December 22: Chaos
in Washington Has Once Again Left the Kurds Stranded
The Kurds: Betrayed Again by Washington
Time and again, powerful allies on whose support they thought they could rely
abandoned them.
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/12/chaos-washington-kurds-stranded/578941/
December 20: Syrian
Kurds left behind as Trump pulls out US troops
https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-12-20/syrian-kurds-left-behind-trump-pulls-out-us-troops
December 24: 'We
Will Curse Them As Traitors': Syrian Kurds React To U.S. Troop Withdrawal Plan
Holiday lights adorn almost every main street in the city of Qamishli, whose
diverse population includes many Christians, and shops are selling tinsel and
plastic trees.
But President Trump's sudden decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Syria has
overshadowed most of this year's celebrations. Syrians who have made the U.S.
troops feel welcome here say they are shocked and upset by the news. Some are
calling it a "stab in the back."
This is the part of Syria where U.S. troops have backed up local fighters in
forcing ISIS out of nearly all the nearby cities and towns they once held. The
Syrians — led by Kurdish fighters — have lost thousands in the fight, and some
feel their sacrifices aren't being acknowledged or repaid.
https://www.npr.org/2018/12/24/679813573/we-will-curse-them-as-traitors-syrian-kurds-react-to-u-s-troop-withdrawal-plan
December 27: Trump’s
order abandons 10,000 Kurds who fought ISIS
“This is something immoral, leaving your ally in the battle alone,” a Syrian
Kurdish leader said.
https://www.heraldnet.com/opinion/ignatius-trumps-order-abandons-10000-kurds-who-fought-isis/
December 28: In
Syria, U.S.-Backed Kurdish Fighters Face Trump’s Withdrawal — and the Legacy of
Their Own Mistakes
https://theintercept.com/2018/12/28/syria-withdrawal-kurds-pkk/
December 31: Lindsey
Graham says Trump is slowing down his Syria troop withdrawal, will protect the
Kurds and thwart Iran
https://theweek.com/speedreads/815054/lindsey-graham-says-trump-slowing-down-syria-troop-withdrawal-protect-kurds-thwart-iran
-- 2019 --
January 2: Trump
gives no timetable for Syria exit; wants to protect Kurds
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-trump/trump-gives-no-timetable-for-syria-exit-wants-to-protect-kurds-idUSKCN1OW1GV
January 4:
How Trump’s sudden withdrawal from Syria is bringing the
Kurds and Assad together
https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/a3mm74/the-kurds-are-getting-super-cozy-with-assad-now-that-trump-called-syria-sand-and-death
January 6: U.S.
troops will not leave northeastern Syria until Islamic State militants are
defeated and American-allied Kurdish fighters are protected, a top White House
aide said Sunday, signaling a pause to a withdrawal abruptly announced last
month and initially expected to be completed within weeks.
While U.S. national security adviser John Bolton said there is now no timetable,
President Donald Trump reaffirmed his commitment to withdrawing U.S. troops,
though he said “we won’t be finally pulled out until ISIS is gone.”
Trump had said in his Dec. 19 withdrawal announcement that U.S. forces “have
defeated ISIS in Syria, my only reason for being there during the Trump
Presidency,” and added in a video posted to Twitter, “Now it’s time for our
troops to come back home.”
Bolton said in Israel that the U.S. would pull out only after its troops had
rooted out what’s left of IS in Syria and after the administration had reached
an agreement with Turkey to protect Kurdish militias who have fought alongside
Americans against the extremists.
In Washington, Trump told reporters at the White House that “we are pulling back
in Syria. We’re going to be removing our troops. I never said we’re doing it
that quickly.”
The president did not offer a timetable in the initial announcement last month
about the approximately 2,000 U.S. forces. But officials said at the time that
while many details were yet to be finalized, they expected American forces to be
out by mid-January.
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-adviser-us-to-leave-syria-once-is-beaten-kurds-safe
January 9: Is Trump
About to Become the Third U.S. Leader to Betray the Kurds?
Over the past century, Kurds have gotten close to setting up their own state or
autonomous regions on several occasions, only to have their dreams shattered
after being abandoned by world powers
https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/will-trump-become-the-third-u-s-leader-to-betray-the-kurds-1.6826242
January 10: Turkey
Pledges to Strike Kurds Even If Donald Trump Doesn’t Pull U.S. Out of Syria
https://www.newsweek.com/turkey-strike-kurds-donald-trump-syria-1286569
January 11: US
official says withdrawal from Syria has begun
https://www.apnews.com/89288a2b8f274eb7897733078960df56
January 11:
Americans who fought alongside the Kurds in Syria feel betrayed by Trump
https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-syria-american-militiamen-2019-htmlstory.html
January 13:
US-Turkey tensions rise after Trump tweets
on Kurd forces in Syria
https://www.ft.com/content/9967e02a-1797-11e9-9e64-d150b3105d21
January 13: Trump
touts 'long overdue' Syria pullout
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-tweets-long-overdue-pullout-from-syria-has-begun
January 14: Erdogan,
Trump consider setting up 'security zone' in Syria
Two leaders discuss situation in Syria over the phone amid growing tensions over
the fate of US-allied Kurdish fighters.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/erdogan-speaks-trump-turkey-issue-kurds-190114194841618.html
January 14: Trump
threatens to 'devastate' Turkey's economy if they attack Kurds in Syria
https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/13/politics/trump-turkey-kurds/index.html
January 14:
Turkey will not be intimidated by Trump, says foreign minister
Ankara hits back after Trump threatened to ‘economically devastate’ it over
Syria
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/14/trump-says-he-will-devastate-turkey-economically-if-it-attacks-kurds
January 14:
Turkey on Jan. 14 warned U.S. President
Donald
Trump
against conflating Syrian
Kurds
with the illegal PKK, while stressing the strategic partnership between two
countries.
“It is a fatal mistake to equate Syrian
Kurds
with the PKK, which is on the US terrorists list, and its
Syria
branch PYD/YPG,” Presidential Spokesman İbrahim Kalın said on Twitter.
“Turkey fights against terrorists, not
Kurds.
We will protect
Kurds
and other Syrians against all terrorist threats,” he added.
Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu also slammed the U.S. for conflicting
messages, sometimes released through social media.
"Strategic partners do not talk via Twitter and social media," Çavuşoğlu said
Jan. 14, adding that the two countries' officials were already in talks to
coordinate
Trump's promised withdrawal from
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/us-equating-kurds-with-pyd-ypg-fatal-mistake-turkey-warns-trump-140475
January 14:
Why the Kurds matter in Trump’s withdrawal of U.S. forces from Syria
https://globalnews.ca/news/4844628/syria-kurds-trump-us-troops/
January 15:
Kurds fear their fate as Turkey says Donald Trump reaffirmed U.S. Syria
withdrawal
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/turkey-donald-trump-erdogan-syria-us-troop-withdrawal-kurdish-ypg-fate/
January 18: A
Syrian Kurdish leader explains why sudden U.S. troop withdrawal could bring
slaughter and ISIS return
https://www.philly.com/opinion/commentary/trump-kurds-erdogan-bolton-pompeo-isis-turkey-syria-suicide-bomber-20190118.html
January 18:
U.S. military leaders 'embarrassed' by Trump's Syria plan, Kurdish commander
says
“They didn’t expect this decision. It’s out of their hands, and they are
constantly apologizing for it.”
“It was a joint war, but they left us in the middle of the road,” said Gen.
Mazlum Kobane, who is in charge of the coalition of militias known as the Syrian
Democratic Forces.
U.S. troops and Kurdish-led fighters were "brothers in arms" as partners on the
ground in the war against ISIS in Syria, he added.
But Trump’s announcement
that he was withdrawing all U.S. troops from the country immediately has
left the Kurds feeling abandoned. The president tweeted on Dec. 19 that the U.S.
had “defeated ISIS in Syria,” adding that was the “only reason” to have troops
on the ground there.
On Wednesday, ISIS claimed responsibility for
a suicide attack in Manbij that killed 19, including
four Americans.
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-troops-embarrassed-trump-s-syria-plan-kurdish-commander-n960126
January 20:
Trump discusses a 'negotiated solution' on Syria with Turkey's president
President Trump spoke with Turkish President
Recep
Tayyip Erdogan Sunday about a “negotiated solution” for
Syria, where the
withdrawal of U.S. troops has alarmed Kurdish allies of America who are
considered terrorists by the Turks.
In a phone call, Mr. Trump “underscored the importance of defeating terrorist
elements that remain in
Syria,” the
White House said.
About 2,000 U.S. troops have been fighting the Islamic State in northeast
Syria with the help
of Kurdish fighters, near the border of
Turkey. The
administration has begun withdrawing those forces, with Mr. Trump and Vice
President Mike Pence asserting that the terrorist group is all but destroyed.
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jan/20/recep-tayyip-erdogan-trump-discuss-kurds-syria/
January 25:
Better Assad Than the Turks, Say Syrian Kurds Squeezed by Trump
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-26/better-assad-than-the-turks-say-syrian-kurds-squeezed-by-trump
January 25:
Trump Abandoning the Kurds Isn’t Realism. It’s Tragedy.
These are costs to pulling troops from Syria that the president won’t care to
acknowledge.
https://washingtonmonthly.com/2019/01/25/trump-abandoning-the-kurds-isnt-realism-its-tragedy/
January 28:
The Unintended Consequences of Trump’s Decision to Withdraw From Syria
It has already empowered Russia and Iran while undermining the Kurds.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/01/28/unintended-consequences-trump-decision-withdraw-syria/
January 29:
Amid ongoing discussions and confusion about the future of the US presence in
Syria, President Donald Trump had words of comfort for a representative of a key
ally in the fight against ISIS on Monday night.
"I love the Kurds," Trump told Kurdish Leader Ilham Ahmed in an unconventional
diplomatic meeting at the Trump International Hotel in Washington on Monday
night.
Ahmed asked Trump if he would leave the Kurds in Syria to be slaughtered by
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Trump promised them he would not.
"We felt much better, but we are still looking for more meetings," explained
Ahmed, a Syrian-Kurdish politician and the head of the Executive Committee of
the Syrian Democratic Council (SDC), on Tuesday.
https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/29/politics/trump-kurds-hotel-meeting/index.html
January 31:
Bipartisan senators press Trump for strategy to protect Syrian Kurds
https://thehill.com/policy/defense/427844-bipartisan-senators-press-trump-for-strategy-to-protect-syrian-kurds
January 31:
Lawmakers urge Trump to protect Kurds after US withdrawal
https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2019/01/31/lawmakers-urge-trump-to-protect-kurds-after-us-withdrawal/
February 1:
President Donald Trump defended his decision to remove troops from Syria and
Afghanistan in a series of tweets Friday morning, a day after the Senate issued
a
rebuke of the president cautioning against the “precipitous withdrawal” of
military forces.
https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/01/trump-syria-afghanistan-troops-1141759
February 2:
Kurdish-led forces in Syria said they would complete the evacuation of thousands
of civilians from Islamic State’s last redoubt in the area on Friday, and
welcomed a White House reversal of President Donald Trump’s decision to pull out
all U.S. troops.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria/syria-kurds-evacuate-civilians-from-is-redoubt-hail-trump-troop-reversal-idUSKCN1QB1IK
February 5:
Tulsi Gabbard invites Kurdish leader to State of the Union in jab at Trump's
Syria pullout
https://www.businessinsider.com/state-of-the-union-2019-tulsi-gabbard-invites-kurdish-leader-jab-at-trumps-syria-plan-2019-2
February 5:
Syrian Kurdish Leader Asks U.S. to Save Her People From ‘Catastrophe’
As Assad consolidates power, Kurds want autonomy in northeastern Syria.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/05/syrian-kurdish-leader-asks-u-s-to-save-her-people-from-catastrophe/
February 5:
'I Was Not Consulted.' Top U.S. General Left Out of Syria Withdrawal Decision
http://time.com/5521419/syria-withdrawal-donald-trump-joseph-votel/
February 22:
Why Kurds' joy at Trump's decision to keep troops in Syria may be premature
https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/02/intel-turkey-kurds-welcome-trump-decision-troops-syria.html
February 22:
Trump agrees to keep about 400 US troops in Syria, official says
https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/22/politics/syria-us-troops-donald-trump/index.html
March 13:
Syria's Kurds Defeated ISIS and Were Abandoned by Trump. Now They Must Look to
Russia
Syria's Kurdish leaders hope for a political deal that would safeguard their
autonomy and shield their region from Turkish attack
https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/syria-s-kurds-defeated-isis-and-were-abandoned-by-trump-now-they-must-to-russia-1.7019857
March 13: 400
American Troops Can’t Do Anything
Beginning this past December, U.S. President Donald Trump declared that the
United States was leaving Syria immediately, in a matter of weeks. As it turns
out, U.S. forces are not leaving quite as quickly as the president envisioned.
Although he assured soldiers during a visit to Iraq that there would be a
complete withdrawal from Syria, the Trump administration recently announced that
a residual force of 400 personnel would remain.
https://www.cfr.org/article/400-american-troops-cant-do-anything
-- 2020 --
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